上一篇介绍了Spring Security框架中身份认证的架构设计,本篇就OAuth2客户端登录认证的实现源码做一些分析。
一、OAuth2协议简介
OAuth2协议,英文全称Open Authorization 2.0,即开放授权协议,它本身解决的问题,就是互联网中的安全信任问题,当第三方需要访问本系统内受保护资源的时候,如何对其授权以实现合法安全的访问。
举个例子,可能在物理世界里面并不存在,只是为方便说明OAuth2的工作原理。假设有某个大型商场提供了一种无卡消费的服务,用户只要在商场的账户中充值,就可以在商场中任何一家店铺进行无卡消费,此时商家作为第三方,需要访问你的无卡账户,对于用户来说,无卡账户就是一种受保护资源,它并不能随意进行访问,那么怎么解决信任问题。
首先,能够想到的是,任何一家的店铺想要支持无卡消费,就必须在商场内进行登记注册,只有在册的店铺才被允许访问储值卡的账户;
其次,用户不应该在每家店铺消费时都提供用户名和密码,这样密码就存在泄露的风险,商场应该提供一种用户授权的交互方式,在店铺发起访问无卡账户时,用户只需要授权即可,姑且想象一下,在店铺中支付时,会从空气中弹出一个商场提供的确认授权页面,当然商场已经核对了商户的注册信息;
最后,一旦用户对该店铺进行了合法的授权,商场就给店铺发放一个交易凭证,店铺带着这个凭证就可以访问我的无卡账户;
当然,商场应当要保证这个交易凭证的发放是安全的,不能轻易泄露,否则就有盗刷的风险。
以上,OAuth2的工作原理大致如此,用户不用担心自己的密码暴露给了第三方,而又实现了受保护资源的授权访问,其中店铺被授权后得到凭证就是所谓的访问令牌,即access_token。OAuth2协议中最主要的一个部分就是如何获取accessToken,在OAuth2协议规范文档https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749中介绍了几种常用的授权模式:
- 授权码模式(Authorization Code Grant):服务端通过重定向机制,将一次性的授权码code参数下发给客户端,客户端通过code获取accessToken和refreshToken,这种模式比较完整地体现了OAuth2协议的原则,流程较为复杂,但安全性最好,因此也是最常用的模式,广泛运用于各类互联网应用的登录认证场景,交互流程见下图
- 隐式模式(Implicit Grant):也叫简化模式,没有重定向过程,一次授权请求就可以获得accessToken,通常用于浏览器脚本,例如在JavaScript脚本内发起授权请求,有令牌泄露的风险,安全性一般,另外也不支持refreshToken
- 资源属主密码模式(Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant):用户需要在第三方应用中输入用户名和密码,上面提到过,这种模式有暴露密码的风险,安全性较差,在OAuth2官方推荐的最佳实践中,已经明确禁止使用这种模式,并且在Spring Security 高版本中也已经弃用
- 客户端凭证模式(Client Credentials Grant):常用于设备或者可信任的应用本身,通过客户端凭证与OAuth2直接通信进行认证,对用户无感
OAuth2本身是一种协议,它不直接规定实现细节,下面主要就Spring Security框架内OAuth2客户端的源码作一定的分析,通过研究它默认的实现,为将来扩展对接其他OAuth2服务端做一定参考。
二、OAuth2登录认证
Spring Security集成了国外几个OAuth2认证服务商的默认实现,包括Google, GitHub, Facebook, 以及Okta,下面以Github为例,说明OAuth2登录认证(授权码模式)的整个交互过程。
2.1 OAuth2.0客户端配置
默认配置下,仅添加SecurityFilterChain的oauth2Login配置项即可,它主要的作用是向过滤器链中添加两个过滤器:即OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter和OAuth2LoginAuthenticationFilter(第2小节和第3小节会分别介绍这两个类的实现细节),他们分别负责处理两个端点:
- /oauth2/authorization/{client},即OAuth2授权端点,用于向OAuth2服务端发起授权请求
- /login/oauth2/code/{client},即OAuth2服务端重定向端点,用于在OAuth2服务端重定向回到本应用时接收code,从而利用code换取accessToken
@EnableWebSecurity
@Configuration
public class SpringSecurityConfiguration {
@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.oauth2Login(Customizer.withDefaults());
return http.build();
}
}
另外在application.yaml配置文件中注册Github客户端,主要是指定client-id和client-secret这两个参数
通常,client-id和client-secret等参数都需要在Github官网注册自己的应用后,才能拿到。注册的操作流程放在文末的附录中
spring:
security:
oauth2:
client:
registration:
github:
client-id: *********
client-secret: **********************
至于其他参数,例如authorization-uri,token-uri等,对于任何一个OAuth2的客户端来说都是通用的,所以都已经提前定义好了,具体可以看CommonOAuth2Provider的源码
public enum CommonOAuth2Provider {
...
GITHUB {
@Override
public Builder getBuilder(String registrationId) {
ClientRegistration.Builder builder = getBuilder(registrationId,
ClientAuthenticationMethod.CLIENT_SECRET_BASIC, DEFAULT_REDIRECT_URL);
builder.scope("read:user");
builder.authorizationUri("https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize");
builder.tokenUri("https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token");
builder.userInfoUri("https://api.github.com/user");
builder.userNameAttributeName("id");
builder.clientName("GitHub");
return builder;
}
...
}
在Spring Boot中,当我们在配置文件中添加了spring.security.oauth2.client.registration相关内容时,例如上面的github配置,就会触发自动配置以完成客户端信息的注册,配置类为OAuth2ClientRegistrationRepositoryConfiguration,其中构建过程主要由OAuth2ClientPropertiesMapper这个类完成,源码如下
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(OAuth2ClientProperties.class)
@Conditional(ClientsConfiguredCondition.class)
class OAuth2ClientRegistrationRepositoryConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(ClientRegistrationRepository.class)
InMemoryClientRegistrationRepository clientRegistrationRepository(OAuth2ClientProperties properties) {
List<ClientRegistration> registrations = new ArrayList<>(
new OAuth2ClientPropertiesMapper(properties).asClientRegistrations().values());
return new InMemoryClientRegistrationRepository(registrations);
}
}
public final class OAuth2ClientPropertiesMapper {
...
private static ClientRegistration getClientRegistration(String registrationId,
OAuth2ClientProperties.Registration properties, Map<String, Provider> providers) {
Builder builder = getBuilderFromIssuerIfPossible(registrationId, properties.getProvider(), providers);
if (builder == null) {
builder = getBuilder(registrationId, properties.getProvider(), providers);
}
PropertyMapper map = PropertyMapper.get().alwaysApplyingWhenNonNull();
map.from(properties::getClientId).to(builder::clientId);
map.from(properties::getClientSecret).to(builder::clientSecret);
map.from(properties::getClientAuthenticationMethod)
.as(ClientAuthenticationMethod::new)
.to(builder::clientAuthenticationMethod);
map.from(properties::getAuthorizationGrantType)
.as(AuthorizationGrantType::new)
.to(builder::authorizationGrantType);
map.from(properties::getRedirectUri).to(builder::redirectUri);
map.from(properties::getScope).as(StringUtils::toStringArray).to(builder::scope);
map.from(properties::getClientName).to(builder::clientName);
return builder.build();
}
...
}
OAuth2ClientPropertiesMapper#getBuilder方法会根据application.yml配置文件中配置的客户端名称,从CommonOAuth2Provider枚举类中得到对应枚举值, 即“GITHUB”,并调用其getBuilder方法返回builder对象,然后使用配置文件中的参数值进行填充,最终得到完整的客户端注册信息。
2.2 OAuth2AuthorizationRequestRedirectFilter:提交授权请求
该Filter继承自OncePerRequestFilter,用于向OAuth2协议服务端发起认证请求,核心逻辑也比较简单,其中doFilterInternal核心源码如下
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
OAuth2AuthorizationRequest authorizationRequest = this.authorizationRequestResolver.resolve(request);
if (authorizationRequest != null) {
this.sendRedirectForAuthorization(request, response, authorizationRequest);
return;
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
this.unsuccessfulRedirectForAuthorization(request, response, ex);
return;
}
...
}
当请求“/oauth2/authorization/{registrationId}”端点时,authorizationRequestResolver就会解析出{registrationId}对应的值,如github,然后通过registrationId查询到对应客户端的注册信息,并通过构造器OAuth2AuthorizationRequest.Builder,创建出一个OAuth2AuthorizationRequest实例,它主要作用就是生成重定向到OAuth2.0服务端获取code的地址,对于github来说,该地址为https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize?response_type=code&client_id={client_id}&scope=read:user&state={state}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri},其中state是由客户端生成的一个随机字符串,在Spring Security框架中,使用了32位长度的Base64编码生成算法,而redirect_uri则表示期望OAuth2服务端在通过验证后重定向到本系统的地址,以便从响应中获取code之后发起认证,当然这个redirectUri需要事先注册在OAuth2服务端中,否则视为非授权的访问而拒绝。
private OAuth2AuthorizationRequest resolve(HttpServletRequest request, String registrationId, String redirectUriAction) {
if (registrationId == null) {
return null;
}
ClientRegistration clientRegistration = this.clientRegistrationRepository.findByRegistrationId(registrationId);
if (clientRegistration == null) {
throw new InvalidClientRegistrationIdException("Invalid Client Registration with Id: " + registrationId);
}
OAuth2AuthorizationRequest.Builder builder = getBuilder(clientRegistration);
String redirectUriStr = expandRedirectUri(request, clientRegistration, redirectUriAction);
// @formatter:off
builder.clientId(clientRegistration.getClientId())
.authorizationUri(clientRegistration.getProviderDetails().getAuthorizationUri())
.redirectUri(redirectUriStr)
.scopes(clientRegistration.getScopes())
.state(DEFAULT_STATE_GENERATOR.generateKey());
// @formatter:on
this.authorizationRequestCustomizer.accept(builder);
return builder.build();
}
而在重定向之前,为了在认证通过之后能够跳转回认证前的访问路径,需要保存当前请求的地址,在authorizationRequestRepository#saveAuthorizationRequest方法中,会将当前请求存储到session中,这样就可以在OAuth2服务端回调之后,再从session取出。
private void sendRedirectForAuthorization(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
OAuth2AuthorizationRequest authorizationRequest) throws IOException {
if (AuthorizationGrantType.AUTHORIZATION_CODE.equals(authorizationRequest.getGrantType())) {
this.authorizationRequestRepository.saveAuthorizationRequest(authorizationRequest, request, response);
}
this.authorizationRedirectStrategy.sendRedirect(request, response,
authorizationRequest.getAuthorizationRequestUri());
}
public void saveAuthorizationRequest(OAuth2AuthorizationRequest authorizationRequest, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
Assert.notNull(request, "request cannot be null");
Assert.notNull(response, "response cannot be null");
if (authorizationRequest == null) {
removeAuthorizationRequest(request, response);
return;
}
String state = authorizationRequest.getState();
Assert.hasText(state, "authorizationRequest.state cannot be empty");
request.getSession().setAttribute(this.sessionAttributeName, authorizationRequest);
}
OAuth2服务端在接受到该请求之后,如果一切正常,则会生成一个临时的code,然后连同请求参数中state一起拼接到redirect_uri的参数中,例如https://{domain}/login/oauth2/code/github?code={code}&state={state in request},最后发起重定向,此时请求就会进入过滤器OAuth2LoginAuthenticationFilter。
2.3 OAuth2LoginAuthenticationFilter:发起认证
该过滤器继承自AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter,显然,它的作用主要是用于完成OAuth2的认证过程,最终生成认证对象。具体看一下attemptAuthentication方法,这里创建出来的对象稍微有点复杂,先梳理一下引用关系:
这里,OAuth2AuthorizationRequest代表了此前提交授权的请求,上文有提到,即保存在session中的请求对象,而OAuth2AuthorizationResponse代表了OAuth2服务端重定向回来的响应,其中也封装了请求时携带过去的state参数,他们构造了一个OAuth2AuthorizationExchange对象,并连同ClientRegistration一并被封装到了OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken对象中,该对象用于在OAuth2LoginAuthenticationProvider发起认证请求时提取各种参数。
以下是源码的实现细节:
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws AuthenticationException {
MultiValueMap<String, String> params = OAuth2AuthorizationResponseUtils.toMultiMap(request.getParameterMap());
// ①
if (!OAuth2AuthorizationResponseUtils.isAuthorizationResponse(params)) {
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = new OAuth2Error(OAuth2ErrorCodes.INVALID_REQUEST);
throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(oauth2Error, oauth2Error.toString());
}
OAuth2AuthorizationRequest authorizationRequest = this.authorizationRequestRepository
.removeAuthorizationRequest(request, response); // ②
if (authorizationRequest == null) {
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = new OAuth2Error(AUTHORIZATION_REQUEST_NOT_FOUND_ERROR_CODE);
throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(oauth2Error, oauth2Error.toString());
}
String registrationId = authorizationRequest.getAttribute(OAuth2ParameterNames.REGISTRATION_ID);
ClientRegistration clientRegistration = this.clientRegistrationRepository.findByRegistrationId(registrationId);
// ③
if (clientRegistration == null) {
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = new OAuth2Error(CLIENT_REGISTRATION_NOT_FOUND_ERROR_CODE,
"Client Registration not found with Id: " + registrationId, null);
throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(oauth2Error, oauth2Error.toString());
}
// @formatter:off
String redirectUri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(UrlUtils.buildFullRequestUrl(request))
.replaceQuery(null)
.build()
.toUriString();
// @formatter:on
OAuth2AuthorizationResponse authorizationResponse = OAuth2AuthorizationResponseUtils.convert(params,
redirectUri);
// ④
Object authenticationDetails = this.authenticationDetailsSource.buildDetails(request);
OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken authenticationRequest = new OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken(clientRegistration,
new OAuth2AuthorizationExchange(authorizationRequest, authorizationResponse));
authenticationRequest.setDetails(authenticationDetails);
// ⑤
OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken authenticationResult = (OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken) this
.getAuthenticationManager()
.authenticate(authenticationRequest); // ⑥
OAuth2AuthenticationToken oauth2Authentication = this.authenticationResultConverter
.convert(authenticationResult); // ⑦
Assert.notNull(oauth2Authentication, "authentication result cannot be null");
oauth2Authentication.setDetails(authenticationDetails);
OAuth2AuthorizedClient authorizedClient = new OAuth2AuthorizedClient(
authenticationResult.getClientRegistration(), oauth2Authentication.getName(),
authenticationResult.getAccessToken(), authenticationResult.getRefreshToken());
// ⑧
this.authorizedClientRepository.saveAuthorizedClient(authorizedClient, oauth2Authentication, request, response);
return oauth2Authentication;
}
- 检查URL参数是否有效,即是否包含了code和state
- 通过authorizationRequestRepository查询认证之前存储在session中的request对象,即authorizationRequest,同时还要将其删除,以保证一个对应的code,只能被处理一次,同时如果没有查询到对应的request对象,也不会继续执行,从而也杜绝了其他伪造的重定向请求进入系统,这一步还是比较重要的,它严格约束了一个发起授权请求和接受服务端响应必须成对匹配,否则整个OAuth2授权码流程就无法执行
- 这个request对象中保存了客户端的registrationId,因此可以通过clientRegistrationRepository查询到对应的客户端信息,即clientRegistration
- 同时再根据code和state参数,以及当前request请求的url作为redirectUri,构造出一个OAuth2AuthorizationResponse对象,即authorizationResponse
- 在得到clientRegistration,authorizationRequest,authorizationResponse三个实例之后,再构造出一个OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken实例,它便是用来发起OAuth2认证的实际对象
- OAuth2认证过程交由OAuth2LoginAuthenticationProvider执行(具体细节在下一节中介绍)
- 认证通过后,结果返回了一个OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken对象,这个对象主要是用于封装授权码模式的认证结果,经过转换,将其principal,authorities,和clientRegistration的RegistrationId取出,最终构造出一个标准的OAuth2认证对象,即OAuth2AuthenticationToken
2.4 OAuth2LoginAuthenticationProvider:获取AccessToken
这个Provider的作用主要包括两个部分,一是请求OAuth2服务端获取AccessToken,二是获取服务端用户信息,前者委托给了OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider来执行具体请求的逻辑,而后者则通过UserService实例请求OAuth2服务端的UserInfo相关端点,获取用户信息,最后上述AccessToken相关信息,以及用户信息被封装成OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken认证对象返回。
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken loginAuthenticationToken = (OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken) authentication;
...
OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken authorizationCodeAuthenticationToken;
try {
authorizationCodeAuthenticationToken = (OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken) this.authorizationCodeAuthenticationProvider
.authenticate(
new OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken(loginAuthenticationToken.getClientRegistration(),
loginAuthenticationToken.getAuthorizationExchange()));
}
catch (OAuth2AuthorizationException ex) {
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = ex.getError();
throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(oauth2Error, oauth2Error.toString(), ex);
}
OAuth2AccessToken accessToken = authorizationCodeAuthenticationToken.getAccessToken();
Map<String, Object> additionalParameters = authorizationCodeAuthenticationToken.getAdditionalParameters();
OAuth2User oauth2User = this.userService.loadUser(new OAuth2UserRequest(
loginAuthenticationToken.getClientRegistration(), accessToken, additionalParameters));
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> mappedAuthorities = this.authoritiesMapper
.mapAuthorities(oauth2User.getAuthorities());
OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken authenticationResult = new OAuth2LoginAuthenticationToken(
loginAuthenticationToken.getClientRegistration(), loginAuthenticationToken.getAuthorizationExchange(),
oauth2User, mappedAuthorities, accessToken, authorizationCodeAuthenticationToken.getRefreshToken());
authenticationResult.setDetails(loginAuthenticationToken.getDetails());
return authenticationResult;
}
下面再看一下OAuth2LoginAuthenticationProvider#authenticate方法的源码:
public Authentication authenticate(Authentication authentication) throws AuthenticationException {
OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken authorizationCodeAuthentication = (OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken) authentication;
OAuth2AuthorizationResponse authorizationResponse = authorizationCodeAuthentication.getAuthorizationExchange()
.getAuthorizationResponse();
if (authorizationResponse.statusError()) {
throw new OAuth2AuthorizationException(authorizationResponse.getError());
}
OAuth2AuthorizationRequest authorizationRequest = authorizationCodeAuthentication.getAuthorizationExchange()
.getAuthorizationRequest();
if (!authorizationResponse.getState().equals(authorizationRequest.getState())) { // ①
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = new OAuth2Error(INVALID_STATE_PARAMETER_ERROR_CODE);
throw new OAuth2AuthorizationException(oauth2Error);
}
OAuth2AccessTokenResponse accessTokenResponse = this.accessTokenResponseClient.getTokenResponse(
new OAuth2AuthorizationCodeGrantRequest(authorizationCodeAuthentication.getClientRegistration(),
authorizationCodeAuthentication.getAuthorizationExchange())); // ②
OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken authenticationResult = new OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken(
authorizationCodeAuthentication.getClientRegistration(),
authorizationCodeAuthentication.getAuthorizationExchange(), accessTokenResponse.getAccessToken(),
accessTokenResponse.getRefreshToken(), accessTokenResponse.getAdditionalParameters()); // ③
authenticationResult.setDetails(authorizationCodeAuthentication.getDetails());
return authenticationResult;
}
- authorizationRequest中包含了请求时携带的state,而authorizationResponse中包含了OAuth2服务端重定向URL中携带的state,通过两个state参数的比较,校验是否为非法的重定向地址,如果不校验state是否一致,当其他账号正常授权时重定向的地址被另一个人点击了,就可以能发生用户在毫无察觉的情况下登录其他人账号的情况,从而导致信息泄露
- accessTokenResponseClient向OAuth2服务端发起认证请求,请求地址存储在ClientRegistration中的tokenUri,即https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token,请求体参数则包括code,redirect_uri,grant_type,另外还加入了Authorization的请求头,其属性值是用client_id和client_serect拼接后编码出来的一个字符串,用于向OAuth2服务端证明客户端的真实性
- OAuth2服务端通过认证后就会返回AccessToken,以及创建时间,过期时间等信息,最后封装成OAuth2AuthorizationCodeAuthenticationToken认证对象返回
2.5 OAuth2UserService:访问受保护资源
上文提到,需要请求OAuth2服务端获取用户信息,用户信息是服务端保护的资源,包含了在Github中个人账号的各类属性,例如id,用户名,头像,主页地址等等,因此这里需要携带AccessToken才能访问,下面看一下具体的执行过程
public OAuth2User loadUser(OAuth2UserRequest userRequest) throws OAuth2AuthenticationException {
...
String userNameAttributeName = userRequest.getClientRegistration()
.getProviderDetails()
.getUserInfoEndpoint()
.getUserNameAttributeName();
if (!StringUtils.hasText(userNameAttributeName)) {
OAuth2Error oauth2Error = new OAuth2Error(MISSING_USER_NAME_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_CODE,
"Missing required \"user name\" attribute name in UserInfoEndpoint for Client Registration: "
+ userRequest.getClientRegistration().getRegistrationId(),
null);
throw new OAuth2AuthenticationException(oauth2Error, oauth2Error.toString());
}
RequestEntity<?> request = this.requestEntityConverter.convert(userRequest); // 关键代码
ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> response = getResponse(userRequest, request);
Map<String, Object> userAttributes = response.getBody();
Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new LinkedHashSet<>();
authorities.add(new OAuth2UserAuthority(userAttributes));
OAuth2AccessToken token = userRequest.getAccessToken();
for (String authority : token.getScopes()) {
authorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("SCOPE_" + authority));
}
return new DefaultOAuth2User(authorities, userAttributes, userNameAttributeName);
}
public RequestEntity<?> convert(OAuth2UserRequest userRequest) {
ClientRegistration clientRegistration = userRequest.getClientRegistration();
HttpMethod httpMethod = getHttpMethod(clientRegistration);
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setAccept(Collections.singletonList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
.fromUriString(clientRegistration.getProviderDetails().getUserInfoEndpoint().getUri())
.build()
.toUri();
RequestEntity<?> request;
if (HttpMethod.POST.equals(httpMethod)) {
headers.setContentType(DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE);
MultiValueMap<String, String> formParameters = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
formParameters.add(OAuth2ParameterNames.ACCESS_TOKEN, userRequest.getAccessToken().getTokenValue());
request = new RequestEntity<>(formParameters, headers, httpMethod, uri);
}
else {
headers.setBearerAuth(userRequest.getAccessToken().getTokenValue());
request = new RequestEntity<>(headers, httpMethod, uri);
}
return request;
}
其中生成请求对象的关键代码在OAuth2UserRequestEntityConverter#convert方法中:
- 用户信息的端点同样也是由clientRegistration提供,即https://api.github.com/user
- accessToken作为参数,如果是GET方法,则被置于Header中的"Authorization"属性中,并按照规范添加"Bearer "的前缀,如果是POST,则被放在请求表单参数"access_token"中,此处为GET方法有关
更多访问受保护资源的方法,将在下一篇文章中介绍。
三、附录
3.1 在Github中注册一个新的OAuth2客户端
注册地址为https://github.com/settings/developers,点击右上方“new OAuth App”,就会跳转到注册页面
3.2 填写表单
其中,必填项包括“应用名称”,“主页地址”,“授权回调地址”即上文提到的redirect_uri参数,最后点击“Register Application”即可完成客户端注册
3.3 查看客户端信息
注册完成之后就可以进入客户端信息页面,此时client-id已经生成好了,还需要生成一串client-secret,点击“Generate a new client secret”即可生成,此时务必复制并保存该字符串,后面就无法再次查看了,只能再生成一个新的。
至此,客户端基本信息就注册完成了。
3.4 官方文档
如有其他问题,也可以参考其官方文档
https://docs.github.com/zh/apps/oauth-apps/building-oauth-apps/authorizing-oauth-apps